Full Breakdown
Rosalind Franklin the only woman named in UK science exam specifications
By Drooid · · How we work
Core Findings
A research team from the University of Cambridge analysed the scientists cited in the science specifications of six UK exam boards (AQA, Cambridge, OCR, Pearson, Edexcel, WJEC, CCEA, and Qualifications Scotland). Across GCSE and National 5 curricula—collectively covering biology, chemistry, physics, environmental science, geology and astronomy—86 scientists were named, and only the English chemist Rosalind Franklin appeared as a female figure. At the post-16 level (Key Stage 5, A-levels, AS-levels, National Highers and Advanced Highers), three women were listed among 181 scientists, with Franklin again the sole female name in the GCSE and Scottish Highers biology specifications.
Data & Statistics
- Total scientists named in GCSE/N5 specs: 86 – women: 1 (Rosalind Franklin).
- Total scientists named in Key Stage 5 specs: 181 – women: 3 (Rosalind Franklin, Marie Tharp, Inge Lehmann).
- The study noted that many breakthroughs by women in the 1800s-early 1900s are omitted from the specifications.
Why It Matters
The authors argue that visible role models can strengthen girls’ sense of belonging in science and foster positive attitudes toward scientific careers, potentially increasing female participation in STEM pathways. The study’s recommendations include adding Franklin to all DNA-structure specifications and expanding representation to figures such as Marie Curie and Lise Meitner.
Verbatim Quotes
- “Stephanie Buttigieg, one of the authors, said: "Relatable role models can help keep more girls in STEM by strengthening their sense of belonging in science and fostering positive attitudes towards scientific careers.” — Stephanie Buttigieg, one of the authors