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Economic and Social Pressures
- Mass protests and riots erupted across European cities in October 2026, notably in France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Albania and Belgium.
- Italy’s government passed an emergency decree lowering the criminal-responsibility age to 14 and fining parents of minors involved in unrest.
- Portugal’s house prices rose 16.5% YoY in Q2 2026, EU’s highest, prompting supply expansion.
- France’s unemployment reached 8.3% in Q2 2026, with youth unemployment at 21.6%.
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