Eritrea Withdraws from IGAD: Implications and Responses

On December 12, 2025, the Government of Eritrea formally notified the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) of its decision to withdraw from the regional bloc. This decision follows Eritrea's brief re-engagement with IGAD, having rejoined the organization in June 2023 after nearly two decades of self-suspension. Despite being warmly welcomed back by member states at the 14th Ordinary Summit of Heads of State and Government, Eritrea has not participated in any IGAD meetings, programs, or activities since its return.

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Eritrea's relationship with IGAD has been complex, marked by periods of active participation and withdrawal. The country initially suspended its membership in 2007 due to disputes with other member states, particularly Ethiopia. Eritrea's rejoining in 2023 was seen as a hopeful step towards regional cooperation, but the lack of subsequent engagement has led to its latest exit.

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IGAD expressed regret over Eritrea's withdrawal, emphasizing that the decision was made without prior consultation or the submission of concrete proposals for reform. The organization stated, "Throughout this period, the Secretariat has exercised patience and goodwill, while remaining open and available for constructive engagement." IGAD reiterated its commitment to fostering regional cooperation and dialogue, encouraging Eritrea to reconsider its position and fully rejoin the organization in good faith.

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In contrast, Eritrea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs cited long-standing grievances against IGAD, claiming that the organization has strayed from its founding principles and failed to contribute to regional stability. The ministry stated, "Over time, and especially since 2005, IGAD has failed to meet the aspirations of the peoples of the region," asserting that continued membership offered "no discernible strategic benefit."

Eritrea Withdraws Membership from IGAD

Eritrea's withdrawal has raised concerns among IGAD member states regarding the future of regional cooperation in the Horn of Africa. Djibouti, currently serving as the Chair-in-Office of IGAD, described Eritrea's decision as a "sovereign choice" but expressed regret over the implications of the withdrawal for regional unity. Djibouti emphasized its commitment to dialogue and cooperation among member states, despite the setback.

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While IGAD has expressed disappointment over Eritrea's withdrawal, Eritrea's government has framed the decision as a necessary response to perceived failures within IGAD. The contrasting narratives highlight a significant gap in understanding the underlying issues affecting regional cooperation.

IGAD voices regret as Eritrea exits regional body after brief return

IGAD plans to continue outreach efforts to Eritrea in hopes of encouraging a reconsideration of its withdrawal. The organization remains committed to its mission of promoting peace, stability, and development across the Horn of Africa, despite the challenges posed by Eritrea's exit.

IGAD expresses regret as Eritrea exits the bloc again

• “The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) has taken note of the decision by the Government of the State of Eritrea to withdraw from the Organisation, as communicated through a formal Note Verbale to the IGAD Secretariat,” — IGAD Statement

IGAD voices regret as Eritrea exits regional body after brief return

• “Over time, and especially since 2005, IGAD has failed to meet the aspirations of the peoples of the region,” — Eritrean Ministry of Foreign Affairs

IGAD expresses regret as Eritrea exits the bloc again

• “IGAD remains firmly committed to its mandate of fostering regional cooperation, dialogue, and collective action for the benefit of the peoples of the Horn of Africa.” — IGAD Statement

IGAD Regrets Eritrea’s Decision to Withdraw from the Organisation

Eritrea's withdrawal from IGAD marks a significant development in the region's political landscape, raising questions about the future of cooperation among member states and the effectiveness of regional frameworks in addressing shared challenges.

IGAD expresses regret as Eritrea exits the bloc again