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Europe's Population Projected to Decline 11.7% by 2100

4/21/2026

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Europe's Population Decline

Eurostat projects Europe's population will decline by 11.7%, from 452 million in 2025 to 399 million by 2100.
Twelve countries will experience population growth, while 18 will see declines, with Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Greece facing drops exceeding 30%.
Spain is the only major EU country expected to grow, with a modest increase of 1.3%.
Contributing factors include fertility rates, migration, and age structure, with one in three Europeans projected to be over 65 by 2100.
The working-age population will decrease from 47.8% to 40.5%.

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Global Fertility Decline

Global fertility rates are falling, with the United States recording 1.57 children per woman in 2025, far below 2.1.
An aging population is projected, with 43 seniors per 100 adults by mid-century.
Public debt nears 94% of world GDP in 2025 and is projected to reach 100% by 2029.
China faces slowdowns from aging populations, and childbirth incentives may not ease fiscal challenges since decades pass before children contribute.

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Europe's Population Decline

Eurostat projects Europe's population will decline by 11.7%, from 452 million in 2025 to 399 million by 2100.
Twelve countries will experience population growth, while 18 will see declines, with Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Greece facing drops exceeding 30%.
Spain is the only major EU country expected to grow, with a modest increase of 1.3%.
Contributing factors include fertility rates, migration, and age structure, with one in three Europeans projected to be over 65 by 2100.
The working-age population will decrease from 47.8% to 40.5%.

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